June 18, 2026Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Doppler mitral flow velocity patterns correlate with hemodynamics to noninvasively assess LV diastolic function.
Why the study?
The study was conducted to determine what clinically useful information regarding left ventricular diastolic function can be inferred noninvasively with pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography.
Can clinically useful information regarding left ventricular diastolic function be inferred noninvasively with pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography compared to invasive hemodynamics?
Population
70 patients with cardiac disorders or without significant disease, plus 30 healthy adult controls
Comparison
Mitral flow velocity patterns and measured variables correlated with hemodynamic findings
Design
Observational hemodynamic and Doppler echocardiographic study
Key result
Mitral flow velocity patterns assessed by Doppler echocardiography correlate with hemodynamic status and myocardial function, offering a noninvasive assessment of left ventricular diastolic function.
Authors
Discussion
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Key expert perspectives
Captured external expert commentary on this paper, strongest first. Original sources are linked where available.
DJDr. Javed ButlerLead Study Author
“Empagliflozin did not significantly reduce the risk of time to first hospitalization for heart failure or all-cause death following AMI. A deeper dive into heart failure hospitalizations, however, suggested that empagliflozin is helping in at least some patients—the key is identifying who will benefit.”
“Don't give up on SGLT2 inhibitors post-MI. We just need to find the right populations to target, and I think it will be helpful in preventing heart failure in those groups. But we haven't specifically found that yet with this trial, although we do have some good signals of where to look.”
“Our study will help to fill a key gap in the understanding of the clinical use of SGLT2 inhibitors in people who have suffered a heart attack. By reassuring physicians of the safety and efficacy of empagliflozin early after a heart attack, EMPACT-MI has enormous implications for treating a very vulnerable population of patients with cardiovascular disease worldwide.”
Overview
Supports noninvasive diastolic evaluation in routine care; leaves open refinement with strain and multimodality imaging.
Key Points
- The aim is to identify clinically useful information regarding left ventricular diastolic function via pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography.
- Correlated mitral flow velocity patterns with hemodynamic findings in 70 patients with various heart conditions.
- Investigated sudden hemodynamic changes in mitral flow patterns using simultaneous pressure recordings.
- Used recordings from 30 healthy adults as a reference group.
- Abnormal mitral flow velocity patterns were observed in most patients with cardiac disorders.
- Distinct flow velocity patterns were noted in patients with impaired left ventricular relaxation.
- Certain patterns suggested different filling pressures and rates of diastolic filling.
Study Design
Type
Observational (n=100)
Structured PICO
Can clinically useful information regarding left ventricular diastolic function be inferred noninvasively with pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography compared to invasive hemodynamics?
P
Population
100 individuals, including 70 patients with various cardiac conditions and 30 healthy adults, undergoing combined hemodynamic and Doppler echocardiographic assessment.
E
Exposure
Pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography to assess mitral flow velocity patterns
C
Comparator
Invasive hemodynamic findings (simultaneous recording of left ventricular pressure before and after left ventriculography)
O
Outcome
Correlation of mitral flow velocity patterns and measured variables with hemodynamic findings of left ventricular diastolic functionsurrogate
Doppler echocardiography of mitral flow velocity provides a noninvasive, dynamic assessment of left ventricular diastolic function, though patterns can be confounded by elevated left atrial pressure.
Limitations
- Indirect method of estimation
- indirect method of estimation
Cite This Study
Appleton et al. (1988) conducted an observational in Cardiac disorders (coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, restrictive myocardial process) (n=100). Pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography (mitral flow velocity patterns) vs. Hemodynamic findings was evaluated on Correlation of mitral flow velocity patterns with hemodynamic findings. Mitral flow velocity patterns assessed by Doppler echocardiography correlate with hemodynamic status and myocardial function, offering a noninvasive assessment of left ventricular diastolic function.