Propolis: Research, Apitherapy and Clinical Applications

Background The literature shows that propolis has been widely used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and wound healing for centuries. Objective The aim of this paper is to present the key findings from in vitro and in vivo assays, as well as clinical trials, involving propolis. Methods Publications related to research conducted in vitro using different cell cultures, and in vivo using mice and other experimental animals, were examined. Clinical trials involving propolis were also analysed. Results Literature revealed the significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects of propolis, either on its own or when combined with medicines, indicating its efficiency and usefulness. The pharmacological activities of propolis demonstrate its potential as an adjuvant or alternative to conventional drugs, either on its own or in combination with drugs commonly used to treat various diseases. Conclusion The in vitro and in vivo assays allowed for the conducting of clinical trials, which confirmed the benefits of propolis for human health.