Firm characteristics and Industry 4.0 adoption

This study examines the relationship between firm characteristics and the adoption of Industry 4.0 (I4.0)technologies across near-, medium-, and long-term timeframes. A chi-square analysis was conducted ondata collected from 208 hotel businesses. The findings reveal a statistically significant association betweenadopting I4.0 technologies and business type, star rating, ownership structure, business age, business size,service type, and customer segment. The results indicate that five-star hotels, older businesses, large-scaleenterprises, and luxury hotels are more likely to adopt face recognition systems in the near future (1-5 years).The study challenges prevailing discussions in the literature by demonstrating that older businesses play amore prominent role in the early adoption of I4.0 technologies.