Integrated wearable sensor modality for real-time monitoring of agro-ecological and human systems A review

Wearable sensor technologies are poised to transform real-time environmental and health monitoring by enabling non-invasive investigations of biofluids, i.e. plant sap, animal saliva, and human sweat, to address global challenges in food security and healthcare. This review synthesizes advancements in flexible microfluidic systems, multimodal sensor arrays, and low-power detection circuits to propose a unified platform for simultaneous monitoring of agricultural and human health. Despite shared technical challenges, such as microfluidic stability under variable biofluid flow rates of 0.1–5 µL/min, sensor sensitivity for low-concentration biomarkers e.g., glucose at 10 µM, cytokines at 1 pg/mL, and circuit power efficiency of more than 100 µA; current research gap remains siloed, with no integrated framework leveraging sweat sensor innovations for agricultural applications. By integrating these technologies with AI-driven analytics including hybrid CNN-LSTM models and IoT protocols, the potential use of the dual-purpose platform can be explored that may support predictive modeling broadly ranged 85–93 % for related tasks, and further validation on cross-domain datasets is required before higher performance can be claimed. By fostering cross-disciplinary synergy, this manuscript aims to advance sustainable agriculture and proactive health management, offering a roadmap for future research and deployment of unified wearable sensor systems.