Modeling and analysis of monostatic surface reverberation intensity under the action of sea surface wind speed in deep water

Ocean reverberation is one of the main background interferences of active sonar. When both the transmitting and receiving transducers are located near the sea surface, the first received reverberation signal is surface reverberation, and the total reverberation is not affected by the seabed scattering sound field. Considering that the surface reverberation intensity is affected by the surface wind speed, this paper constructs a two-dimensional (2D) monostatic surface reverberation theoretical model that introduces the surface undulation environment. Combined with a 3D dynamic surface undulation model based on the bimodal spectrum of wind waves and swell waves, the influence of surface undulation under the action of wind speed on the surface reverberation intensity is studied. The results show that the degree and consistency of surface undulation in the downwind direction are significantly higher than those in the crosswind direction, resulting in the direction dependence of the reverberation intensity. Under high wind speeds, the reverberation intensity in the downwind direction is significantly increased by the multipath effect of the undulating sea surface.