A Review of the Value-Added Conversion of Biomass Catalyzed by High-Entropy Alloys

The utilization of biomass resources is of significant importance. However, the complexity of biomass thermochemical conversion processes and the performance limitations of conventional catalysts restrict the stable selection of reaction pathways and ultimately affect catalytic yields. With the rapid development of synthesis techniques and machine learning, nanoscale high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with targeted properties can now be accurately predicted and synthesized. The diverse compositions and structures of HEAs enable versatile catalytic selectivity, while their unique four core effects enhance catalytic activity and stability. This review primarily elaborates on the specific applications of HEAs in biomass thermochemical conversion. It covers the fundamental characteristics of HEAs, preparation methods, and machine learning-driven design strategies. Summarized the directional conversion and value-added research of high-entropy alloys in biomass thermal conversion intermediates. This demonstrates the excellent application adaptability of high-entropy alloys in complex reaction systems. Finally, prospects for the rational design of high-entropy alloy catalysts and their application in biomass refining technologies are outlined.