PEDOT-Regulated Interfacial Engineering of Sodium Vanadium Oxide Nanostructures for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries offer a safe and economical platform for large-scale energy storage, yet vanadium oxide cathodes remain hindered by sluggish Zn2+ migration, poor electronic conductivity, and structural degradation during cycling. Herein, a PEDOT regulated interfacial engineering strategy is proposed to construct surface modified sodium vanadium oxide nanostructures with coordinated ion and electron transport. The 1P-NaVO cathode retains the layered framework while introducing a PEDOT-derived surface component that strengthens interfacial charge transfer and preserves accessible Zn2+ diffusion pathways, delivering 655 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. Kinetic analyses further reveal accelerated charge storage behavior, including an increased pseudocapacitive contribution, a low charge transfer activation energy of 20.6 kJ mol−1, and improved Zn2+ diffusion, with DZn2+ values of approximately 10−10.8 to 10−9.8 cm2 s−1. Ex situ XRD and SEM disclose a reversible structural response during Zn2+ insertion and extraction, involving interlayer perturbation, local framework relaxation, transient electrolyte-derived surface species, and partial morphology recovery after recharge. These findings show that controlled PEDOT-derived surface regulation promotes efficient coupling between interfacial electron transfer and Zn2+ diffusion, offering a practical design principle for durable vanadium-based cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.