Preprint develops the Invariant Temporal Ordering Framework to explain systemic change in physical systems, emphasizing determinant factors.
This preprint presents Version 22/F2 of the Invariant Temporal Ordering Framework (ITOF), ITOF Foundation Series II (F2). V22/F2 develops ITOF as a fundamental assignment law of systemic change-realization. Physical change is not assigned to time, to an isolated factor alone, to a surrounding “environment” as an independent causal agent, or to change transferred from another system. Instead, realized change is assigned to the response of the selected affected physical system under determinant engagement. The central formulation distinguishes determinant engagement, realized response state, and change-content. Relevant physical factors and influencing physical systems engage a selected system A, producing a realized response state: rho_A_resp = Resp_A(Eng_A(Fact_A, InfSys_to_A); Theta_A, Gamma_A_coh, R_A_cap, Q_A, K_A) The realized change is then assigned as the change-content of that response state: Delta_X_A = ChangeContent_A(rho_A_resp) This refinement prevents the common transfer of explanatory agency to time, clocks, propagation delays, distance units, model parameters, observational records, or undecomposed environmental labels. In ITOF, time is defined as invariant prior--subsequent ordering among distinguishable realized physical stages: T_ITOF = (S_phys, prior--subsequent ordering relation) Time is not matter, energy, force, field, medium, signal, record, measuring device, model parameter, physical system, causal agency, or physical determinant. It does not produce, transmit, accelerate, delay, arrange, organize, measure, or realize physical change. Time denotes ordered succession among realized stages; it does not function as the source of transition between those stages. V22/F2 extends the V21/F1 reassignment layer by specifying where change itself is realized. V21/F1 reassigned phenomena commonly attributed to time to their relevant physical, biological, cognitive, observational, measurement, signal-propagation, or modeling determinants. V22/F2 adds the change-realization layer: determinant engagement conditions the situation, but realized change is assigned through the affected system’s constitution, structure, cohesion, thresholds, resistance, response capacity, bounded determinant conditions, and realized response state. The manuscript also formalizes the roles of physical factors, influencing physical systems, stability, failure, motion, living and non-living systems, clocks, measurement outputs, astronomical records, spatial separation, distance units, light-year terminology, light propagation, and relativistic interpretation. It clarifies that the environment is only a descriptive aggregation of physical factors, influencing systems, pathways, boundaries, and locality conditions, not a physical factor or cause in itself. It also clarifies that light carries physical records associated with source events, not time itself, and that successful measurement or model representation does not transfer ontological agency to time or to model parameters. This version is intended as a foundational preprint in temporal ontology, foundations of physics, measurement interpretation, causality, and physical realization. Its contribution is not the denial of change, motion, clocks, astronomical observation, or successful physical modeling, but the reassignment of explanatory agency away from time and toward determinant engagement, system-specific response structure, and realized physical change-content.
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Youssry Ghandour (2026) studied this question.
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