Social Networks as Tools for Popular Participation: An Analysis of Local Initiatives in Spreading or Combating Misinformation

This study investigates how social networks serve as both means for the propagation and combating of misinformation, focusing on local community initiatives. The analysis of social networks as tools for popular participation reveals a fundamental paradox: while these platforms expand democratic space, they also enhance the circulation of misinformation. Local initiatives demonstrate that, with well-defined strategies—such as the involvement of micro-influencers, community fact-checking campaigns, and integration with in-person actions—it is possible to transform these digital spaces into arenas for civic engagement and effective combat against fake news. A systematic review strategy (guided by the PRISMA workflow) is applied, combined with the analysis of case studies and statistical data from some public institutions. The objective is to identify effective practices that can strengthen popular participation and digital literacy. Studies indicate that strengthening trust networks, coupled with media literacy, is crucial for consolidating active digital citizenship. Therefore, public policies aimed at the balanced regulation of platforms and the encouragement of community participation are essential to ensure that social networks function as allies of democracy and not as its antagonists.