Between authenticity and innovation: a multi-dimensional analysis of high-quality development of ethnic tourism and digital innovation

Against the global shift toward high-quality tourism development, the coordinated evolution between high-quality development of ethnic tourism (HQDET) and digital innovation (DI) is increasingly critical for regional development. This study examines the spatio-temporal evolution patterns and coordination states of HQDET and DI in representative ethnic regions of western China from 2013 to 2022. This study employs the Super-SBM DEA, TOPSIS, and Coupling Coordination Degree (CCD) to assess development levels and coordination, and applies the Obstacle Degree Model (ODM) and Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (FsQCA) to identify constraints and configuration paths. Results indicate that both HQDET and DI exhibit ‘W’-shaped upward trajectories with regional disparities, driven by differences in socioeconomic foundations, resource endowments, and policy environments. Authenticity serves as a key mediating mechanism through which DI influences HQDET by embedding digital innovation within cultural contexts and enhancing coordination. Under the impact of COVID-19, the CCD between HQDET and DI shows a short-term decline, followed by convergence toward a consolidation phase. The study identifies ten obstacle factors and three high coordinated development pathways, highlighting the combined influence of multiple factors on coordinated development. These findings offer a theoretical framework and practical insights for regional policymaking and international experience sharing.