What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate the association of interleukin-18 and interleukin-28B polymorphisms with hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation.

EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Association of Polymorphisms in Interleukin‐18 and Interleukin‐28B With Hepatitis B Recurrence After Liver Transplantation in Chinese Han Population

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Expression of Concern raised about ethical practices in study on hepatitis B recurrence in liver transplantation.

To evaluate the association of interleukin-18 and interleukin-28B polymorphisms with hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation.
Included liver transplant recipients at West China Hospital from April 2000 to March 2011, focusing on organ donor characteristics and hepatitis B virus status.
Ensured ethical approval from West China Hospital with informed consent from participants, but lacked clarity on donor consent.
Reported organ donors' HBV positivity and genotypes without disclosing sourcing ethics.
Expression of Concern issued due to ethical questions surrounding organ donor sourcing practices in China.
Lack of details on informed consent from organ donors raises substantial concerns regarding compliance with international ethics standards.
Questions remain about the legitimacy of the organ donation process prior to the implementation of a voluntary system in 2010.

A 2026 study studied this question.

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