An Optimisation Configuration Method of Carbon Metre System for Carbon Accounting

The electric carbon metre system serves as a critical platform for achieving real‐time and accurate carbon emission accounting in electricity consumption. With the advancement of the ‘carbon peak and carbon neutrality’ goals, the requirements for the accuracy and continuity of electric carbon metres are becoming increasingly stringent. In light of the systemic nature of electricity carbon accounting and the strong coupling relationship between electricity carbon accounting and power flow, this paper proposes an optimisation configuration method for the carbon metre system. This method adopts a stepwise optimisation approach: First, under the premise of ensuring that the carbon metre system can fully account for the whole carbon information of the power system, an approach to determine the optimal number of carbon metres with the objective of minimising costs is proposed. On this basis, an optimisation method for the placement of the carbon metre is developed with the objective of minimising the measurement error of the carbon metre system. Case studies are conducted based on operational data of the PJM5‐bus system and an actual urban power system in China. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve a carbon emission accounting error of no more than 0.2% with the minimum configuration cost for the carbon metre system, while ensuring the complete accounting of carbon emission information in the power system.