Modeling Optimal Dispatch for Power Systems: Incorporating Carbon Emissions Metering and Allocation at Source and Load Sides

China’s adoption of dual-carbon goals has spurred the rapid development of new power systems. This has led to a growing proportion of flexible resources within the power grid, thereby bolstering emission reduction potential on both the source and load sides. Consequently, metering and allocating carbon emissions from both sides, rather than solely from the source, prove more advantageous for low-carbon operations. In this study, we incorporated load-side elastic resources into the optimization and scheduling model and constructed a carbon emission metering and allocation model from both sides to reasonably allocate carbon emissions during system operation. Simultaneously, an optimization model for intra-day coordinated scheduling was constructed by comprehensively considering economic and carbon benefits as optimization objectives. Finally, the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed model were verified using an IEEE 39-node system example analysis. The results showed that the dual carbon emission metering and allocation model fully utilized carbon reduction capabilities, achieving a synergy of low-carbon goals on both sides while meeting the supply-demand balance.