Prevalence and Timing of Suicidal Ideation, Preparation, and Attempts Among Mass Shooting Survivors

OBJECTIVE: Exposure to mass public shootings is associated with adverse mental health outcomes, yet little is known about suicidal thoughts and behaviors among survivors. This study examines the prevalence and timing of suicidal ideation, preparation, and suicide attempts, as well as variation across subgroups. METHODS: Data were drawn from a survey of 167 individuals directly and indirectly exposed to mass public shootings in the United States. Suicidal ideation, preparation, and suicide attempts were assessed using items from the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview. Descriptive analyses examined prevalence, timing, and subgroup variation. RESULTS: Half of respondents reported suicidal ideation (50.9%), while 16.8% reported preparation and 7.8% reported suicide attempts. The more common time frame for all three outcomes was more than 1 year prior, although some respondents reported recent experiences. Variation across exposure and victimization groups was observed descriptively, while differences by race/ethnicity were limited. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors are present among a substantial proportion of mass shooting survivors, with respondents reporting experiences across multiple timeframes. Findings highlight the importance of ongoing identification and intervention efforts.