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June 19, 2026Frontiers in Veterinary ScienceOpen Access

E2-based indirect ELISAs successfully differentiate ovine Italy pestivirus from classical swine fever virus in pigs.

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Why the study?

A novel ovine pestivirus can infect pigs and induce immune responses causing false-positive results in classical swine fever virus antibody surveillance assays.

Population

A panel of CSFV, ovIT PeV and negative pig sera

Comparison

Homologous vs heterologous antigen E2 indirect ELISAs

Design

Validation study of two indirect ELISAs

Key result

The E2-based indirect ELISAs successfully differentiated antibodies against ovine Italy pestivirus from classical swine fever virus in pigs, yielding significantly higher titers against homologous antigens (p < 0.001).

Authors

MCManuel CorsaGPGiulia PezzoniACAnna Castelli

Discussion

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Overview

Novel ovine pestivirus near CSFV raises surveillance needs; leaves open its pathogenicity, transmission risk, and diagnostic impact.

Key Points

  • The study aimed to develop an indirect ELISA to differentiate between ovine pestivirus and classical swine fever virus in pigs.
  • Expressed recombinant E2 glycoproteins of ovine pestivirus and CSFV in mammalian cells.
  • Evaluated the indirect ELISA using sera from CSFV, ovine pestivirus, and negative samples.
  • Compared antibody titres with homologous and heterologous antigens.
  • Each serum displayed higher antibody titres in the iELISA with the homologous antigen.
  • Use of virus-specific antigens improved differentiation between ovIT PeV and CSFV.
  • Demonstrated the potential for improved accuracy in CSF surveillance.

Structured PICO

P
Population
390 porcine serum samples, including 339 negative field sera and 51 sera from pigs experimentally infected with CSFV or ovIT PeV, used to evaluate a novel indirect ELISA.
I
Intervention
Two E2-based indirect ELISAs using recombinant E2 glycoproteins of ovIT PeV and CSFV
O
Outcome
Antibody titres against homologous versus heterologous antigens to serologically distinguish ovIT PeV from CSFVsurrogate

Main Result

p-value: p=<0.001

An E2-based indirect ELISA can serologically differentiate ovine Italy pestivirus from classical swine fever virus in pigs, preventing false-positive results in CSF surveillance.

Limitations

  • Further analysis of porcine samples infected with a broader range of pestiviruses, including ruminant pestiviruses, is required to further assess assay specificity.

Cite This Study

Corsa et al. (2026) studied Classical swine fever virus and ovine Italy pestivirus infection (n=390). E2-based indirect ELISA vs. Homologous vs heterologous antigen was evaluated on Antibody titers against homologous vs heterologous antigens (p=<0.001). The E2-based indirect ELISAs successfully differentiated antibodies against ovine Italy pestivirus from classical swine fever virus in pigs, yielding significantly higher titers against homologous antigens (p < 0.001).

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a35982fdd3be7785e70eca3https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1847235
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