Key result
Serosurveillance in Mizoram reveals ~12% of pigs carry antibodies indicating past FMDV exposure.
Why the study?
The study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3AB3 nonstructural protein antibodies in the pig population of Mizoram.
Cross-Sectional (n=2,996)
Yes
Serosurveillance in Mizoram pigs showed 12.44% exposure to FMDV but no protective immunity, indicating a need for vaccination to prevent them from acting as amplifier hosts.
Serosurveillance signals FMDV exposure without protective immunity in pigs; leaves open vaccination to prevent amplifier hosts.
The primary objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3AB3 nonstructural protein (NSP) antibodies in pig population of Mizoram. The 3AB3 NSP indirect ELISA, used for bovines, was modified using anti-porcine IgGhorse radish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate and successfully applied for serosurveillance of FMD in pig population of Mizoram. In total, 2996 randomly collected pig serum samples were tested using 3AB3 NSP ELISA, wherein 373 samples (12.44%) were found positive for NSP antibodies indicating past exposure to FMDV. Further, a set of representative serum samples was subjected to liquid phase blocking (LPB) ELISA to assess the level of protective structural antibody against FMDV serotypes O, A and Asia 1, but none of the pigs were found to have a protective log10 antibody titre of ≥1.8 against any of the three FMDV serotypes, indicating a ‘no vaccination’ situation in pigs in the region. FMDV-infected pigs being the amplifier hosts, excrete enormous quantity of virus and may pose a severe threat to other domestic livestock. Hence, pigs need to be included in ongoing surveillance and control measures, including prophylactic vaccination coupled with zoosanitary measures.
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Rout et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) (n=2,996). Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) exposure was evaluated on Seroprevalence of FMDV 3AB3 nonstructural protein antibodies (NSP-Abs). In a state-wide serosurveillance of 2,996 randomly sampled pigs in Mizoram, India, 12.44% tested positive for FMDV 3AB3 nonstructural protein antibodies, indicating past exposure to the virus.
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