What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to explore the impact of coronary microvascular dysfunction on ischemic heart disease in women and highlight its clinical significance.

June 19, 2026International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences0 citationsOpen Access

New Insights Into Ischemic Heart Disease in Women: The Central Role of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Current Insights, Diagnostic Advances, And Therapeutic Uncertainties

EAElizabeth Regina Giunco AlexandreUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)ISIsabelle Mendes Rodrigues SalomãoUniversidade Federal Fluminense LELarissa Neto EspíndolaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Key Result

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Key Points

The aim is to explore the impact of coronary microvascular dysfunction on ischemic heart disease in women and highlight its clinical significance.
Discussion of emerging evidence regarding CMD and its role in IHD in women.
Review of pathophysiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic features distinguishing women from men.
Analysis of controversies surrounding CMD as a contributor to ischemic symptoms.
CMD is recognized as a significant factor contributing to ischemic symptoms in women.
There is a growing understanding of CMD's impact on cardiovascular risks specific to women.
The need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for CMD in women's IHD is emphasized.

Structured PICO

Population

Women with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD)

Highlights the growing body of evidence supporting coronary microvascular dysfunction as an important contributor to ischemic symptoms and cardiovascular risk in women.

Abstract

Introduction This viewpoint discusses emerging evidence and the clinical implications of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in women, offering a focused perspective on pathophysiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic features that distinguish ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women from that in men. Beyond summarizing available data, we highlight the growing body of evidence supporting CMD as an important and often underrecognized contributor to ischemic symptoms and cardiovascular risk in women. We emphasize key concepts and ongoing controversies without intending to provide definitive therapeutic ...

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