Co-occurring diabetes mellitus and depression was associated with a significantly increased risk of CVD (HR 2.93), CAD (HR 2.85), and stroke (HR 4.85) compared to having neither condition.
Cohort (n=7,063)
Does the coexistence of diabetes mellitus and depression increase the risk of CVD, CAD, and stroke compared to neither or either condition alone?
The coexistence of diabetes and depression synergistically increases the risk of stroke and significantly increases the risk of CVD and CAD over a 10-year period.
Hazard Ratio: 2.93
Background Depression and diabetes mellitus (DM) are common comorbid conditions that could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated the independent and joint effects of DM and depression on the risk of CVD, coronary artery disease (CAD), and stroke. Methods This retrospective cohort study evaluated 7063 individuals for CVD, CAD, and stroke events in a 10-year follow-up. The participants were divided into four groups depending on whether they had DM or depression. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates. Additive interaction was evaluated using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (S). Results Total cardiovascular events were 830. Participants with both DM and depression had the highest risk of all cardiovascular outcomes. Compared with participants with neither condition, adjusted HRs were 2.93 for CVD, 2.85 for CAD, and 4.85 for stroke. While depression alone was not significantly associated with stroke, the coexistence of DM and depression was associated with more than a twofold higher risk of stroke compared with DM alone. Additive interaction analysis demonstrated a significant positive interaction for stroke (RERI = 2.084, AP = 0.430, S = 2.183), whereas no significant interaction was observed for CVD or CAD. Conclusion The coexistence of DM and depression was associated with significantly increased risks of CVD, CAD, and stroke. A significant synergistic effect was observed specifically for stroke, suggesting that depression may amplify the cerebrovascular consequences of DM. Graphical abstract
Ghazaee et al. (Fri,) conducted a cohort in Diabetes mellitus and depression (n=7,063). Co-occurring diabetes mellitus and depression vs. Neither condition was evaluated on Cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR 2.93). Co-occurring diabetes mellitus and depression was associated with a significantly increased risk of CVD (HR 2.93), CAD (HR 2.85), and stroke (HR 4.85) compared to having neither condition.