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June 20, 2026IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems

Why Empirical Risk Minimization Performs Well for Open Set Domain Adaptation: A Theoretical Analysis From Causal View

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Authors

HDHuaming DuYLYaling LiuCFC. Q. Feng

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Overview

Theoretical analysis reveals how empirical risk minimization effectively handles unknown classes in OSDA, implying insights for model training.

Key Points

  • This analysis aims to understand why empirical risk minimization (ERM) excels in open set domain adaptation despite challenges.
  • Developed a causal theoretical framework for OSDA
  • Introduced fully informative causal invariance model (FICIM) and partially informative causal invariance model (PICIM)
  • Conducted experiments on various datasets to validate theoretical findings
  • ERM performs well under the FICIM source domain
  • ERM performs poorly under the PICIM source domain
  • The performance discrepancy is linked to the available information during risk estimation

Cite This Study

Du et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a362e62db0793dc1a536146https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2026.3694812
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