Health system preparedness has become a central concern for policy makers, health-care leaders, and researchers.1 Recurrent pandemics, climate-related disruptions, cyber incidents, and geopolitical instability have revealed the limits of static emergency planning. Preparedness is increasingly viewed as a dynamic system property that depends on interoperable infrastructure, organisational learning, and frontline capacity to translate policies into effective practice.2 The European Health Union aims to strengthen cooperation among EU member states to improve preparedness and crisis response; ensure access to safe, affordable, and innovative medical supplies; and enhance the resilience and care capacity of health systems.
Kirk et al. (Mon,) studied this question.