Potential role of L-citrulline in regulating exercise performance and muscle protein metabolism

L-citrulline (L-Cit) has emerged as a potential supplement to enhance muscle performance and protein metabolism. This review summarizes evidence from rodent and human studies, highlighting its effects on muscle function, protein synthesis, and underlying mechanisms. Key areas for future research include supplementation strategies, transport and metabolism pathways, mitochondrial function, and the interaction between L-Cit, gut microbiota, and muscle health, offering insights for nutritional interventions targeting aging and sarcopenia.