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June 20, 2026Open CeramicsOpen Access

Biomechanical advancements in hydroxyapatite, magnesium-substituted hydroxyapatite, and strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite in clinical and non-clinical studies for maxillofacial bone tissue engineering: A review

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Authors

EZElham ZafarrazzaghniaSHStuart HampshireARAran Rafferty

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Overview

Review summarizes hydroxyapatite forms for bone regeneration in maxillofacial applications, indicating their potential benefits.

Key Points

  • The review aims to evaluate enhancements in hydroxyapatite through ionic substitution for maxillofacial applications.
  • Review of current literature on hydroxyapatite, magnesium-substituted HA, and strontium-substituted HA.
  • Analysis of structural, physical, and mechanical properties including synthesis routes and additive manufacturing.
  • Discussion of clinical studies involving HA-based scaffolds and their applications in bone reconstruction.
  • Demonstrated that magnesium and strontium substitutions improve the mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite.
  • Highlighted successful in-vitro biological responses of substituted HA in bone tissue engineering.
  • Reviewed clinical applications of HA-based scaffolds indicating promising results in maxillofacial reconstruction.

Cite This Study

Zafarrazzaghnia et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a362f3bdb0793dc1a536bafhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceram.2026.101006
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 3 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Three-Dimensional-Printed Composite Scaffolds Containing Poly-ε-Caprolactone and Strontium-Doped Hydroxyapatite for Osteoporotic Bone Restoration2024 · 10 citations
  2. 2Biomaterials & scaffolds for tissue engineering2011 · 3,411 citations
  3. 3Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications: A Short Overview2021 · 312 citations