Advanced mathematical techniques calculate multiplicative degree kirchhoff index in triangular ladder graphs, suggesting new insights in graph theory.
Let [Formula: see text] denotes the triangular ladder graph. The multiplicative degree Kirchhoff index of a graph [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] number of edges is [Formula: see text]. The term [Formula: see text] are the normalized Laplacian (NL) spectrum. In this study we have calculated the [Formula: see text] through the [Formula: see text] spectrums for [Formula: see text] network. To compute our main results, we have used the techniques of decomposition theorem (DT).
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Zaman et al. (2026) studied this question.
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