Finding the lost jet energy: a Monte Carlo study of jet quenching observables in proton–proton collisions at √s=5.36 TeV

A detailed Monte Carlo study of jet observables in proton–proton collisions at √s=5.36~TeV s = 5.36 TeV was performed. pythia 8.3 is used as a vacuum baseline, and jewel 2.4.0 as a generator including parton–medium interactions with explicit recoil. Two sets of data are generated, one with a leading jet head of 200~GeV 200 GeV and the other with 400~GeV 400 GeV . Jets are reconstructed using anti- kₜ k t with $$R=0.4$$ R = 0.4 . Background simulation was done by overlaying Minimum Bias events, then reduced using the area–median background estimator method from and average background pT p T estimation. Further background distribution is done through Gaussian smearing to emulate experimental conditions. With the existence of the QGP medium, a general outward shift in the dijet asymmetry ratio is observed, with a populated large- Aⱼ A j region. Changes in other observables, such as inclusive jet spectra, jet multiplicity ( pT> 50 p T > 50 GeV), and missing transverse momentum ( pTᵐⁱˢˢ p T miss ) at both particle and jet level, are observed to have a relation with the existence of jet energy loss. An additional observable, the asymmetry ratio including subsubleading jets ( Aⱼⱼ A jj ), is further developed and yields positive insights in determining the existence of jet quenching.