Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Patients with Hematological Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is uncommonly reported in patients with hematological malignancies and HSCT recipients. This study is aimed at studying the clinical picture of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in patients with hematological malignancies and HSCT recipients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was done from January 2025 till October 2025. Cases were recruited based on positive result of multiplex PCR (BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) test for Mycoplasma pneumoniae done from nasopharyngeal swab or bronchoalveolar lavage sample. Results: At total of 5 cases were identified and incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was 2.3 per 1000 patients and 2.3 per 100 stem cell recipients. Cases highlight prolonged and recurrent symptoms (1-3 months) along with persistent shedding of the pathogen and questions the existing short duration of therapy and potential role of secondary prophylaxis. Conclusion: Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in hemato-oncology patients may have prolonged and recurrent symptoms.