A One Health Perspective on Chikungunya: From Epidemiological Insights to Integrated Control Strategies

In recent decades, factors such as climate change, accelerated urbanization, and increased human mobility have intensified the global burden of mosquito-borne infectious diseases. Among these, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has emerged as a significant public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions. This review systematically analyzes the epidemiological characteristics of chikungunya fever and the limitations of conventional control strategies from a holistic One Health perspective. We highlight the constraints of traditional, reactive approaches that narrowly focus on human-centric or vector-centric interventions, which often prove insufficient against a pathogen with complex human-animal-environment interactions. Building on this analysis, we propose an integrated control framework that encompasses synergistic surveillance and early warning systems, cross-sectoral vector governance, and unified risk communication strategies. By examining the challenges and future research directions, this review provides a theoretical foundation for developing more effective and sustainable strategies to control chikungunya fever.