Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement of a Conical Horn Antenna Using Different Kinds of Dielectric Materials Excited by a Circular Loop

This paper presents a novel approach for enhancing the bandwidth and gain of a conical horn antenna by utilizing a dielectric coating and exciting it with a circular loop antenna. Conventional horn antennas are often limited in −10 dB bandwidth and gain, which restricts their applicability in modern communication systems. The proposed design incorporates a dielectric coating around the conical horn structure, leading to improved impedance matching and reduced reflections. A circular loop placed around a dielectric‐coated conical horn achieves a −10 dB bandwidth of 23.65%, compared to 6.56% for a circular loop around a conductive cone, resulting in a significant 260.55% improvement in −10 dB bandwidth. The peak gain for the loop around the conductive cone is 6.66 dBi, while the dielectric‐coated conical horn demonstrates a peak gain of 10.84 dBi. Simulated results of the antenna's performance have been validated against measured data, demonstrating strong agreement and verifying the effectiveness of the proposed design. These improvements make the dielectric‐coated conical horn antenna a promising solution for high‐performance applications in advanced communication systems.