Synergistic effect of Zinc Phthalocyanine (ZnPC)@MIL-101 framework and laser radiation on mcf-7 breast cancer cells: an experimental combination study

Objective(s): Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC), a potent photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT), often suffers from poor solubility and aggregation, limiting its efficacy. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) like MIL-101 can serve as nanocarriers to overcome these issues. This experimental study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and synergistic anticancer efficacy of ZnPC incorporated within the MIL-101 framework (ZnPC@MIL-101) against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. ZnPC was chosen for its strong red-light absorption and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, while MIL-101 offers a stable, porous platform to enhance ZnPC delivery and photoactivity.Materials and Methods: ZnPC@MIL-101 (Cr) was synthesized via a double-solvent method. Characterization involved PXRD, BET analysis, FESEM, DLS, EDX spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The loading capacity was determined, and singlet oxygen generation was quantified. Anticancer efficacy and PDT synergy with 660 nm laser radiation were evaluated on MCF-7 cells using MTT assays. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA.Result: Successful synthesis of crystalline ZnPC@MIL-101 was confirmed. The loading capacity of ZnPC was found to be 8.5%. BET analysis showed reduced surface area (1709.4 m²/g) and pore size (1.71 nm) post-ZnPC loading, indicating effective incorporation. FESEM/DLS showed particle sizes around 368/439.7 nm, respectively. EDX confirmed uniform Zn distribution. The UV-Vis spectrum of ZnPC@MIL-101 displayed the characteristic Q-band of ZnPC, and the nanocomposite exhibited significant singlet oxygen generation upon laser irradiation. ZnPC@MIL-101 exhibited moderate dark toxicity (IC50: 25 µg/mL), which was significantly enhanced upon laser irradiation (IC50: 10 µg/mL, p < 0.01).Conclusion: ZnPC@MIL-101 combined with laser radiation demonstrated a significant synergistic reduction in MCF-7 cell viability. This highlights its potential as an effective PDT agent, offering a promising strategy to enhance ZnPC-based cancer treatment.