Bhutan as a Buffer state Between India and China (2014-2025)

The escalating strategic rivalry between India and China in south Asia has transformed the Himalayan region into a centre of geopolitical competition. In this context, Bhutan’s position is particularly significant, given its location between two regional powers. Traditional literature on buffer state often views them as passive entities that merely provide geographical separation however, Bhutan’s situation challenges this perspective. This article argues that Bhutan is not merely a geographical buffer but an active strategic actor that safeguards its sovereignty and security through diplomacy, strategic balancing and policy flexibility. The research focuses on the period from 2014 to 2025, examining developments such as the Doklam standoff, Bhutan-China border negotiation, and India’s neighbourhood first policy. Realism , Balance of power theory and small state theory serve as the analytical framework. The study’s key finding is that Bhutan’s foreign policy is based on risk minimization rather than power maximization while maintaining a close strategic partnership with India, Bhutan also continues cautious diplomatic engagement with China through this approach Bhutan has successfully preserved it’s autonomy amidst regional rivalries.