Computed Tomography and Sonography of Spleen-related Complications in Sickle Cell Anemia

Background: Spleen, being the filter of blood, is affected in virtually all cases of sickle cell anemia (SCA). Therefore, imaging features of the spleen can provide valuable inputs regarding the course and complications of SCA. To evaluate the diagnostic utility of ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) in detecting splenic complications in patients with SCA. Methods: Seven patients with SCA underwent abdominal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen. The imaging features of their spleen are elucidated through this case series. Results: The imaging spectrum varied from splenomegaly, extramedullary hematopoiesis, infarcts, fibrosis, calcifications, splenic sequestration, secondary hemochromatosis, and splenic abscess to autosplenectomy. Conclusions: Imaging was able to diagnose spleen-related complications in SCA and added a valuable dimension to patient management.