Research on roadway deformation mechanisms and hybrid active–passive ACC support performance under mining impacts

Mining of the upper seam in a close-distance coal seam group markedly weakens the stability of pre-existing roadways in the underlying seam. To address this issue, this study investigates the deformation mechanisms and control technologies for the 10607 gas extraction roadway at Malan Coal Mine. An integrated research approach involving theoretical analysis, laboratory testing, numerical modeling, and field investigation was adopted. The deformation and failure patterns of the roadway were identified through field investigation, and the associated mechanisms were subsequently analyzed from a theoretical perspective. A novel support element consisting of an anchor cable integrated with a C-shaped tube was developed. The previously established shear-resistance characteristics of ACC were used as the mechanical basis for developing an optimized support system for the 10607 dynamic-pressure roadway, whose effectiveness was then evaluated by numerical simulation and field monitoring. Based on the above findings, a novel support system for dynamic-pressure roadways centered on the anchor cable with C-shaped tube was proposed, and its effectiveness was validated through numerical simulation. Field tests further confirmed that the proposed system can effectively control roadway deformation under dynamic pressure, providing a reference for similar engineering applications.