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This study aims to develop a sustainable alternative to traditional clay bricks using industrial by-products.

Clay Brick Performance with Red Mud, Waste Foundry Sand, and Silica Fume: A Taguchi Approach

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Randomized trial investigates compressive strength of geopolymer bricks using industrial by-products, suggesting sustainable construction materials.

This study aims to develop a sustainable alternative to traditional clay bricks using industrial by-products.
Produced geopolymer clay bricks with varying percentages of red mud, waste foundry sand, and silica fume.
Utilized Grey Relational Analysis for optimal mix design based on multiple objectives.
Conducted compressive strength tests and microstructural analyses.
Optimum mix achieved compressive strength of 5.02 N.mm-² with specific raw material percentages.
Silica fume was identified as the most influential factor affecting strength (47.45%).
Environmental safety verified through heavy metal assessments, confirming bricks are safe for use.

Borchate et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Randomized trial investigates compressive strength of geopolymer bricks using industrial by-products, suggesting sustainable construction materials.