Examination Management and Computer-Based Test Challenges in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria: A Theoretical Review

This theoretical review examines examination management and the challenges of CBT in Nigerian tertiary institutions. This study aims to synthesize the existing empirical literature on CBT by highlighting its benefits and challenges associated with persistent implementation. The review adopted a qualitative documentary approach, drawing evidence from relevant studies and ICT-based assessment. CBT improves examination efficiency, grading accuracy, malpractice reduction, and transparency in assessment processes. However, its effectiveness is constrained by inadequate ICT infrastructure, unstable power supply, limited ICT skills, poor funding, low acceptability, and weak policy implementation. This study contributes to the empirical literature by integrating fragmented findings and providing a comprehensive understanding of the strengths and limitations of CBT in Nigeria’s higher education system