Antihyperlipidemic and thrombolytic potential of medicinal plants: Mechanistic insights and precision medicine perspectives

Background Hyperlipidemia and thrombosis are major contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although synthetic antihyperlipidemic and thrombolytic agents are clinically effective, their long-term use is limited by adverse effects and patient intolerance. Medicinal plants offer a promising alternative due to their multitarget pharmacological actions and favorable safety profiles. Objective This review critically evaluates medicinal plants exhibiting antihyperlipidemic and thrombolytic activities, with emphasis on bioactive phytoconstituents, mechanisms of action, and their relevance to precision medicine. Methods A comprehensive literature survey was conducted using databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on experimental and clinical evidence supporting lipid-lowering and clot-dissolving effects of herbal drugs. Results Multiple plants such as Commiphora mukul , Hibiscus species, Allium sativum , Ocimum sanctum , and Zingiber officinale demonstrate significant antihyperlipidemic and thrombolytic activity through mechanisms including inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, antioxidant effects, platelet aggregation inhibition, and fibrinolysis. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and organosulfur compounds play key roles. Conclusion Medicinal plants represent viable candidates for adjunct or alternative therapy in cardiovascular disorders. Integration of phytotherapy with precision medicine approaches may improve therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. However, standardized formulations, mechanistic validation, and controlled clinical trials are essential.