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June 20, 2026Review of European Comparative & International Environmental LawOpen Access

Environmental integrity beyond carbon: Environmental co‐benefits and differentiated obligations in carbon market governance

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Authors

STSara Tolonen

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Overview

Comparative analysis reveals fragmented governance in carbon markets affecting environmental co-benefits.

Key Points

  • This article explores how environmental co-benefits are integrated into carbon market governance and their legal implications.
  • Conducted a comparative analysis of the UNFCCC, EU CRCF, and voluntary carbon market standards.
  • Examined the integration of environmental safeguards and co-benefits in carbon market governance.
  • Analyzed governance mechanisms at multiple levels including international, regional, and private standards.
  • Identified that environmental safeguards are procedural and linked to monitoring and certification.
  • Noted that environmental co-benefits are recognized but operationalized flexibly at the project level.
  • Highlighted a fragmented governance landscape with uneven responsibility allocation among market actors.

Cite This Study

Sara Tolonen (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a363123db0793dc1a538075https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.70077
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