Correlation of Sonographic Placental Thickness at 32 and 36 Weeks Period of Gestation with Fetal Outcome

A BSTRACT Background: The placenta serves as the vital link between the mother and fetus, supplying oxygen and essential nutrients necessary for fetal growth and development. In a normal pregnancy, placental growth typically parallels fetal growth. Sonographic assessment of the placenta can provide valuable insights into the fetus’s nutritional status. It is generally accepted that placental thickness correlates approximately with gestational age. Both abnormally thin and excessively thick placentas have been associated with a higher risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: All pregnant women attending the Gynaecology OPD underwent sonographic evaluation at 32 and 36 weeks of gestation, based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Placental thickness was measured along with standard biometric parameters. At birth, the neonates were assessed for birth weight, NICU admission, and any morbidity or mortality. Results: Among the 160 participants, the normal range of placental thickness in Indian women was found to be 29.0–34.7 mm at 32 weeks and 33.1–38.8 mm at 36 weeks. Placental thickness below 2.9 cm at 32 weeks and below 3.31 cm at 36 weeks was associated with low birth weight and adverse fetal outcomes. Additionally, 80% of patients with thin placenta and 10% with thick placenta required NICU admission. Conclusion: Ultrasound-measured placental thickness effectively correlates with birth weight and is associated with increased antenatal and postpartum complications in cases of thin placenta. Therefore, placental thickness may serve as an early predictor of foetuses at risk for adverse outcomes.