Research on a Three-Tier Joint Trading Coordination Framework and Benefit Allocation for Provincial Power Grids in Northeast China Under High-Penetration Renewable Energy

To address supply–demand dynamics and inter-provincial resource mismatches under high-penetration renewable integration, this study proposes a tri-level collaborative trading framework for provincial power grids in Northeast China. The system integrates intra-provincial baselines, intra-regional synergy, and inter-regional optimized export through multi-stage optimization models. An improved Shapley value method is further introduced to ensure fair benefit allocation based on electricity contribution and transmission support. Simulation results for the Northeast region show that this collaborative approach reduces generation costs by 13.88% and enhances social welfare by 7.58% compared to independent trading. This framework effectively breaks inter-provincial barriers and provides a theoretical foundation for regional power market planning and security of supply.