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This thesis explores how Ottoman intellectuals responded to the rising Bulgarian nationalism in the late nineteenth century.

June 20, 2026Open Access

The Late Ottoman Intellectual Response to Bulgarian Nationalism

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This thesis explores how Ottoman intellectuals responded to the rising Bulgarian nationalism in the late nineteenth century.
Literature review of historical accounts regarding Ottoman and Bulgarian nationalist movements.
Analysis of the concept of Ottomanism and its impact on social identity in the Balkans.
Comparison of Ottoman intellectual responses with those of Bulgarian nationalists.
Ottomanism failed to create a sense of belonging among Balkan populations.
Balkan nationalism emerged distinctly separate from Ottoman identity.
Ottoman intellectuals experienced a profound shock due to their unsuccessful responses.

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Thesis examines Ottoman intellectuals' reactions to Bulgarian nationalism, revealing their unsuccessful strategies.

Derek Leach (2026) studied this question.

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