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June 20, 2026Scientific ReportsOpen Access

Fracture characteristics and failure mechanisms of coal-rock composites under complex true triaxial stress paths

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Authors

CZChenyang ZhangYHYang HaoHMHongyuan Ma

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Overview

Laboratory tests reveal fracture characteristics and failure mechanisms in coal-rock composites, suggesting energy plays a crucial role in stability.

Key Points

  • The aim is to understand the fracture characteristics and failure mechanisms of coal-rock composites under true triaxial stress paths.
  • Conducted true triaxial loading-unloading tests on 100 mm cubic specimens with varying coal-rock ratios.
  • Utilized acoustic emission monitoring and PFC3D simulations to analyze mechanical response and damage evolution.
  • Investigated the impact of coal-rock ratios on failure modes and energy absorption.
  • The failure mode transitions from stable splitting-shear in rock-dominated to abrupt instability in coal-dominated specimens.
  • Cumulative absorbed energy peaks at a coal-rock ratio of 67%, while peak strength decreases monotonically.
  • Numerical simulations replicate the fracture process and show that interface bonding affects energy conversion during instability.

Cite This Study

Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a3631cedb0793dc1a53892ahttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-57737-2
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