Shows effective coupling of a scalar field to gravity, suggesting an alternative to dark matter and energy models.
We present ATHENA V7.0, an effective field theory where a scalar field Φ(x) (coarse-grained electromagnetic vacuum density) couples disformally to gravity. No particle dark matter or Λ is required. All constants are derived from deeper principles: β_em = 0.1408 as the ratio ⟨Θ⟩/⟨Σ⟩ of temporal to spatial vacuum fluctuations; Z_0 = 5β_em/3 = 0.2347 from five symmetry-breaking stages; γ = β_em²/2 from superfield correlations; R_whim = 10/(3β_em) = 23.67 kpc as the correlation length of the spatial component; n(z) = 3 − 0.65/cosh²(z/0.80) (exact solution from the pre-geometric state); a_0 = ⟨Φ_Λ⟩²/M_Pl ⋅ β_em/Z_0 (MOND scale); and a topological stability rule (powers of two) selecting stable particles (proton, electron). The model fits SPARC rotation curves (χ²=731 vs ΛCDM 4059; ΔAIC=+4328.6), resolves the Hubble tension (H_0=73.2 km/s/Mpc local, n→3 early), reproduces CMB acoustic peaks via toroidal resonance, explains the Bullet Cluster offset (117 kpc, χ²=0.016) through EM inertia, and predicts the cosmic dipole misalignment (134°). Rydberg scale invariance over 38 orders is shown. The XENONnT 40 GeV electron recoil anomaly (4.2σ) matches harmonic index n≈27. We further report a statistical confirmation of the central concentration hypothesis: after vectorially subtracting known local flows from the CatWISE2020 quasar dipole, the residual misalignment with the CMB kinematic dipole is 5.4°. A bootstrap Monte Carlo simulation (100,000 random isotropic directions) yields p=0.0022 (3σ significance). New observational evidence from JWST, rotating cosmic filaments, GW190521 ringdown, Sombrero Galaxy (M104) toroidal magnetic field, and others strongly supports the toroidal Φ-field framework. Modified geodesic equations and a toroidal electron model are derived. Eight falsification tests by 2035 are specified. General Relativity is recovered in the solar system.
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Mustafa Gökhan Yılmaz (2026) studied this question.
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