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Phenomenological framework evaluates proxy channels in black-hole accretion systems, suggesting method for future studies.
This work presents a phenomenological two-channel balance framework for comparing ejective and radiative proxy channels in black-hole accretion systems. The framework introduces a robustly normalized balance ratio, an imbalance deviation measure, a lag-aware channel competition index (CCI), a common-driver residual competition index, and a transition-window balance-restoration diagnostic. The proposed methodology is evaluated using a controlled synthetic benchmark consisting of independent, positively coupled, competitive, compensatory, common-driver-only, residual-interaction, over-damped, noise-only, and state-switching regimes. Under a selected baseline protocol using log-percentile normalization and equal channel weights, the benchmark passes 8 of 9 null-test verdicts, including all critical tests for competitive, residual-interaction, common-driver-only, and over-damped regimes. The study does not claim observational confirmation of real black-hole channel coupling. Instead, it provides a methodological validation framework for future observational applications.
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Jeong-Myung Jin (2026) studied this question.
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