The use and perception of expired medications among the Lebanese community

Objectives While expiration date indicates the last day the drug is guaranteed its full efficacy and safety, evidence suggests that some medications remain stable beyond this date, and others may degrade posing significant risks. In Lebanon, economic crises and drug shortages have prompted interest in the potential use of expired medications raising important public health concerns, as inappropriate use of expired medications may result in therapeutic failure, adverse health outcomes, and reduced patient safety. Accordingly, this study is needed to assess the Lebanese residents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding expired medications to improve public health strategies and ensure medication safety. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from May to June 2023, across five Lebanese governates. Data was collected through self-administered anonymous questionnaires distributed via social media platforms that included questions on knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward using expired medications. Data was analyzed using SPSS-version-25. Results Among the 1112 participants, 66.5% correctly identified an expired medication as one that no longer guarantees safety and efficacy. Additionally, 62.3% recognized that expired medications could have harmful effects, and 82.3% understood that such medications might lose their potency. About 89% of respondents accurately noted that factors such as light, temperature, and humidity influence medication stability. Overall, the total median knowledge score of the respondents was 15.00 ( interquartile range =5.00) out of 24. Notably, 27.2% of respondents admitted using expired medications, particularly painkillers, antacids, cough and cold preparations, with chronic medications comprising only 17.9%. The primary reasons cited for using expired drugs were cost concerns, availability, and perceived preservation of efficacy. In adjusted regression analysis, significant predictors of expired medication use included individuals aged 26‒35 years [ odds ratio ( OR ) = 0.59, 95% confidence interval ( CI ): 0.36 to 0.98], students ( OR = 2.36, 95% CI : 1.30 to 4.02), housewives ( OR = 1.9, 95% CI : 1.14 to 3.17), and those with a medical background ( OR = 2.52, 95% CI : 1.86 to 3.42). Conclusion The Lebanese community exhibits a moderate knowledge regarding expired medications, highlighting the need for pharmacist-led targeted interventions through enhanced education on safe medication practice.