What’s in the Box? Analysis of the nutritional content and adoption of Health Star Ratings among packaged lunchbox snacks released in Australia: 2013-2024

Objective Most Australian children bring schooltime meals and snacks from home. This study investigated changes in the nutritional profile, processing level and Health Star Rating (HSR) labelling of packaged lunchbox snack products released in Australia alongside the introduction of the voluntary HSR system. Methods Lunchbox snack products released in Australia from 2013-2024 (N=228) were extracted from the Mintel Global New Products Database (August 2024). Nutrient values (/100g/mL), HSR display and processing (NOVA classification) were coded. Results The most common products were muesli bars (27.2%), savoury biscuits/crackers (20.2%) and sweet biscuits/cookies (19.3%). Over time, sodium and sugar content declined, and fibre content increased, coinciding with greater HSR labelling uptake. Overall, 44.7% of products displayed a HSR, most commonly ≥3.5 (67.7%). Products displaying a HSR contained less saturated fat and sodium, but were significantly higher in energy and fibre than products without a HSR; no differences were observed for sugar or protein. Most products were ultra-processed (91.2%), including those displaying a HSR ≥3.5 (88.4%). Conclusions Some improvements in nutritional quality were observed among new packaged lunchbox snacks alongside modest and selective uptake of HSRs. Implications for Public Health Mandatory HSRs, incorporating degree of processing, may support reformulation and healthier lunchbox choices for children.