The Role of Social Capital in Healthcare Utilization among the Older Adults in India: Evidence from LASI Wave-1

Background India is witnessing rapid demographic changes with growing ageing population, and ensuring access to better healthcare services for older adults is critical public health concern. Despite evidence linking social capital to health outcomes, its role in healthcare utilization among the older adults in India remains underexplored at the national level. Therefore, this study examines the association of social capital with healthcare utilization among older adults in India. Methodology The study utilizes data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave-1, which comprises 31,534 individuals aged 60 and above. Social capital was measured using 24-questions from LASI, demonstrating strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.72). It was further categorized into cognitive and structural social capital. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analysis were employed along with national survey weights. Findings The study found that the older adults with high social capital were more likely male, married, educated, urban, wealthy, and physically active. Distribution patterns revealed that high social capital decreased significantly with increasing age, particularly after 75-years, indicating reduced participation and network connections. In terms of healthcare utilization, older adults with higher social capital were more likely to use private facilities (RRR = 1.37). They also showed higher reliance on private transportation (RRR = 2.06) to health facilities. Conclusion The findings suggest that higher social capital is significantly associated with healthcare utilization. Therefore, enhancing social engagement and strengthening social capital among older adults will reduce inequalities and improve access to healthcare, ultimately leading to better outcomes for healthy ageing.