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June 20, 2026Drug Testing and AnalysisOpen Access

Identification of Synthetic Urine by Analysis of Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios and Comparison to Established GC‐MS/MS and LC‐MS/MS Analysis

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Authors

FHFrank HuelsemannLFLaura FrankeDWDirk K. Wissenbach

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Overview

Randomized trial assesses synthetic urine detection in doping control, indicating effective identification methods.

Key Points

  • This study aims to evaluate methods for identifying synthetic urine and its mixtures with authentic urine.
  • Evaluated gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS) for endogenous steroids.
  • Used elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA‐IRMS) for carbon and nitrogen analysis.
  • Compared methods to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) with synthetic urine markers.
  • GC‐MS/MS identified synthetic urine by detecting absence of endogenous steroids.
  • EA‐IRMS effectively distinguished mixtures of synthetic and authentic urine with isotope ratios outside human levels.
  • LC‐MS/MS detected mixed samples by profiling biomolecules and using specific synthetic urine markers.

Cite This Study

Huelsemann et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a363326db0793dc1a539956https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.70106
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