This study presents the development and comprehensive evaluation of borosilicate nanoparticle-reinforced basalt fiber/epoxy composites for thermally demanding and multifunctional applications. Composites fabricated with varying filler contents (0–4 wt%) exhibited optimum performance at 3 wt% (C3). While moderate improvements were observed in tensile strength (167.28 MPa, +14.64%) and flexural strength (169.38 MPa, +13.51%), the most significant enhancements were achieved in impact strength (34.29 kJ/m², +38.77%) and hardness (68 RHN, +58.14%), indicating substantial gains in toughness and surface durability. Thermal analysis revealed improved stability, with increased degradation onset temperature (361°C), higher char yield (18.2%), elevated heat deflection temperature (168°C), and reduced thermal expansion, confirming enhanced thermal reliability. Thermal conductivity and dynamic mechanical analysis further indicated improved stiffness and energy dissipation behavior. Also, the C3 composite exhibited notable antibacterial activity against E. coli . These findings demonstrate the potential of the developed composite for applications requiring enhanced impact resistance, surface durability, and thermal stability.
Raja et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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