Etiological and Pathogenetic Aspects of Acromegaly in Pediatric Patients

Acromegaly in children is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH), usually caused by a pituitary adenoma. Unlike adults, excessive growth hormone production in children often occurs before epiphyseal plate closure, resulting in accelerated linear growth and gigantism. The disease is associated with elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which mediates many of the physiological and pathological effects of growth hormone. Early diagnosis is challenging due to the gradual onset of symptoms and the rarity of the condition. Understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of pediatric acromegaly is essential for timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and prevention of long-term complications. This article reviews the major etiological factors and pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of acromegaly in children