Acromegaly

Acromegaly is caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH), primarily from GH-secreting pituitary adenomas. High GH results in excess insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) production, leading to a multi-system disease characterized by somatic overgrowth, physical disfigurement, multiple comorbid conditions, and premature mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to mitigate excess mortality associated with acromegaly. Diagnosis is made by elevated IGF-1 and lack of suppression of GH after glucose administration. Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is the first-line therapy in acromegaly. Medical therapy is a second-line option in patients with persistent disease after surgery. Radiation therapy is usually a third-line option if medical therapy fails.