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This study examines the prevalence of thyroid cancer and nodules in children and adolescents with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Risk of Thyroid Cancer in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Hashimoto Thyroiditis: a 27 Years Follow-up Study

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Retrospective analysis finds increased thyroid cancer risk in youth with autoimmune thyroiditis, indicating need for monitoring.

This study examines the prevalence of thyroid cancer and nodules in children and adolescents with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Retrospective analysis of 1050 adolescents and young adults with HT from 9 Italian pediatric endocrinology centers.
Yearly evaluations included TSH, free thyroxine, and thyroid ultrasounds based on the presence of nodules.
Median follow-up period was 5.8 years, ranging from 0.6 to 27.6 years.
245 thyroid nodules detected, with a prevalence rate of 23.3%, significantly higher than a matched control population (4.7%).
Prevalence of thyroid cancer was found to be 0.95%, higher than the control population's 0.37%.
Hypoechogenicity severity, TPOAbs, and fT4 serum concentration were predictive of new nodules and correlated with thyroid cancer development.

Radetti et al. (2026) studied this question.

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