Constitutionally, sports like education is a national obligation under the Directive Principles of State Policy and is listed as a State subject which means that the promotion of sports as a measure of human welfare and health is the sole responsibility of the State Government. The Union Government may, as and when necessary and expedient, formulate policies and issue directives to invigorate the effort of the State Governments. It is interesting that sports, the essence of physical education was usually tagged with education, Its emergence as a distinct subject is a recent development. There are two main bases for this. One, from sports angle, education is a closed system. In educational institutions - schools. colleges, universities - sports is regarded as an adjunct of education. The primary objective of a student's life is "study" and not competitive sport. With regard to promotion of sports, the responsibility of the education sector is limited i.e. beyond certain period of time, it ceases to look after the athlete (the moment he passes out of the school/university). Being well-established, the education sector offers better prospects of disciplined growth of sports, it has, at times, produced the finest young sports persons. Its limitations are obvious. For instance, it caters only to student population, common man is beyond its purview. Second, sport is a bio-social phenomenon - an outgrowth of the instinct of pugnacity, gregariousness, etc. The social interaction through sports is possible more with club-system than through education channel. The non-education sector (sports-association hierarchy) is the de facto godfather of sports and is well-established but because it comprises voluntary associations, it is plagued by numerous financial and organizational ailments. The government has no control over it. In the evolution of competitive sport as a global phenomenon, the non-education sector (sport associations) has played an important role.
Dr. Bharat Haribhau Chapke (Mon,) studied this question.